| Loading |
Driven on and off, no container |
20GP: 1 car. 40HQ: 2–3 cars on racking |
Container or dedicated rail wagon |
| Cost per car |
Lowest |
Highest |
Between the two |
| Where it goes |
Ocean routes — Africa, Latin America, South and Southeast Asia, Middle East |
Anywhere with a container terminal, incl. second-tier ports |
Central Asia, Russia, inland Europe only |
| Transit |
From Tianjin, about 21–31 days on the main sea lanes |
Similar to sea on the same lane, but more frequent sailings |
Roughly 20 days faster than sea to inland Europe |
| Traction battery |
Class 9 dangerous goods — extra sea requirements apply |
Same sea requirements, plus in-container restraint |
Not handled as sea dangerous goods |
| Main risk |
Peak-season space is tight; a delayed berth delays the whole batch |
Cost per car, plus racking and restraint work |
Limited by border crossings and timetable |